Julca, IreneMarcet Houben, MarinaVargas Gómez, PabloGabaldón Estevan, Juan Antonio, 1973-2019-06-032019-06-032018Julca I, Marcet-Houben M, Vargas P, Gabaldón T. Phylogenomics of the olive tree (Olea europaea) reveals the relative contribution of ancient allo- and autopolyploidization events. BMC Biol. 2018; 16(1):15. DOI 10.1186/s12915-018-0482-y1741-7007http://hdl.handle.net/10230/41687Background: Polyploidization is one of the major evolutionary processes that shape eukaryotic genomes, being particularly common in plants. Polyploids can arise through direct genome doubling within a species (autopolyploidization) or through the merging of genomes from distinct species after hybridization (allopolyploidization). The relative contribution of both mechanisms in plant evolution is debated. Here we used phylogenomics to dissect the tempo and mode of duplications in the genome of the olive tree (Olea europaea), one of the first domesticated Mediterranean fruit trees. Results: Our results depict a complex scenario involving at least three past polyploidization events, of which two—at the bases of the family Oleaceae and the tribe Oleeae, respectively—are likely to be the result of ancient allopolyploidization. A more recent polyploidization involves specifically the olive tree and relatives. Conclusion: Our results show the power of phylogenomics to distinguish between allo- and auto polyploidization events and clarify the contributions of duplications in the evolutionary history of the olive tree.application/pdfeng© Gabaldon et al. 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-018-0482-yHybridizationLamialesOlivePhylogenomicsPolyploidyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess