Florido Torres, Antonio LuisVelasco, Eric R.Romero, Leire R.Acharya, NehaMarin Blasco, Ignacio J.Nabás, Jaime F.Pérez-Caballero, LauraRivero, GuadalupeOlabarrieta, EstíbalizNuñez-delMoral, AmaiaGonzález-Parra, Jose AntonioPorta-Casteràs, DanielCano, MartaSteward, TrevorAntony, Monica S.Cardoner, NarcísTorrubia, RafaelJackson, Alexander C.Fullana Rivas, Miguel ÁngelAndero, Raül2025-07-172025-07-172024Florido A, Velasco ER, Romero LR, Acharya N, Marin Blasco IJ, Nabás JF, et al. Sex differences in neural projections of fear memory processing in mice and humans. Sci Adv. 2024 Jul 12;10(28):eadk3365. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk33652375-2548http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70939It remains unexplored in the field of fear memory whether functional neuronal connectivity between two brain areas is necessary for one sex but not the other. Here, we show that chemogenetic silencing of centromedial (CeM)-Tac2 fibers in the lateral posterior BNST (BNSTpl) decreased fear memory consolidation in male mice but not females. Optogenetic excitation of CeM-Tac2 fibers in the BNSTpl exhibited enhanced inhibitory postsynaptic currents in males compared to females. In vivo calcium imaging analysis revealed a sex-dimorphic fear memory engram in the BNSTpl. Furthermore, in humans, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Tac2 receptor (rs2765) (TAC3R) decreased CeM-BNST connectivity in a fear task, impaired fear memory consolidation, and increased the expression of the TAC3R mRNA in AA-carrier men but not in women. These sex differences in critical neuronal circuits underlying fear memory formation may be relevant to human neuropsychiatric disorders with fear memory alterations such as posttraumatic stress disorder.application/pdfengThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.Circuit neuronalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk3365info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess