Lobanov, Michail Yu.Klus, Petr, 1985-Sokolovsky, Igor V.Tartaglia, Gian GaetanoGalzitskaya, Oxana V.2017-01-272017-01-272016Lobanov MY, Klus P, Sokolovsky IV, Tartaglia GG, Galzitskaya OV. Non-random distribution of homo-repeats: links with biological functions and human diseases. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 26941. DOI: 10.1038/srep269412045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10230/28007The biological function of multiple repetitions of single amino acids, or homo-repeats, is largely unknown, but their occurrence in proteins has been associated with more than 20 hereditary diseases. Analysing 122 bacterial and eukaryotic genomes, we observed that the number of proteins containing homo-repeats is significantly larger than expected from theoretical estimates. Analysis of statistical significance indicates that the minimal size of homo-repeats varies with amino acid type and proteome. In an attempt to characterize proteins harbouring long homo-repeats, we found that those containing polar or small amino acids S, P, H, E, D, K, Q and N are enriched in structural disorder as well as protein- and RNA-interactions. We observed that E, S, Q, G, L, P, D, A and H homo-repeats are strongly linked with occurrence in human diseases. Moreover, S, E, P, A, Q, D and T homo-repeats are significantly enriched in neuronal proteins associated with autism and other disorders. We release a webserver for further exploration of homo-repeats occurrence in human pathology at http://bioinfo.protres.ru/hradis/.application/pdfeng© Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep26941Chemical biologyProteinsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess