White, Anna E.Dios Martínez, Toni de, 1994-Carrión, PabloBonora, Gian LucaLlovera Nadal, LaiaCilli, ElisabettaLizano González, Esther, 1974-Khabdulina, Maral K.Tleugabulov, Daniyar T.Olalde Marquínez, Íñigo, 1987-Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-Balloux, FrançoisPettener, Davidevan Dorp, LucyLuiselli, DonataLalueza Fox, Carles, 1965-2022-01-132022-01-132021White AE, de-Dios T, Carrión P, Bonora GL, Llovera L, Cilli E, Lizano E, Khabdulina MK, Tleugabulov DT, Olalde I, Marquès-Bonet T, Balloux F, Pettener D, van Dorp L, Luiselli D, Lalueza-Fox C. Genomic analysis of 18th-century Kazakh individuals and their oral microbiome. Biology (Basel). 2021;10(12):1324. DOI: 10.3390/biology101213242079-7737http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52202The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to understanding human mobility in this pivotal region. In this study, we analyse paleogenomic data generated from five humans from Kuygenzhar, Kazakhstan. These individuals date to the early to mid-18th century, shortly after the Kazakh Khanate was founded, a union of nomadic tribes of Mongol Golden Horde and Turkic origins. Genomic analysis identifies that these individuals are admixed with varying proportions of East Asian ancestry, indicating a recent admixture event from East Asia. The high amounts of DNA from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, recovered from their teeth suggest they may have suffered from periodontitis disease. Genomic analysis of this bacterium identified recently evolved virulence and glycosylation genes including the presence of antibiotic resistance genes predating the antibiotic era. This study provides an integrated analysis of individuals with a diet mostly based on meat (mainly horse and lamb), milk, and dairy products and their oral microbiome.application/pdfeng© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121324Central Asian steppeAncient pathogensBacteriaPaleogenomicsRed complexinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess