Radosevic, Aleksandar, 1974-Quesada Diez, RitaSerlavos, ClaraSánchez, JuanZugazaga Cortázar, AnderSierra, AnaColl Estrada, SusannaBusto Barrera, MarcosAguilar, GuadalupeFlores Pereyra, DanielArce, JavierMaiques Llácer, José MaríaGarcia-Retortillo, MontserratCarrión Rodríguez, José AntonioVisa Turmo, LauraVillamonte, MariaPueyo Périz, Eva M.Sánchez Velázquez, Patricia, 1985-Grande Posa, LuísBurdío Pinilla, Fernando2022-10-192022-10-192022Radosevic A, Quesada R, Serlavos C, Sánchez J, Zugazaga A, Sierra A et al. Microwave versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of liver malignancies: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):316. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03802-x2045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10230/54482Microwave (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are main ablative techniques for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastasis (MT). This randomized phase 2 clinical trial compares the effectiveness of MWA and RFA as well as morphology of corresponding ablation zones. HCC and MT patients with 1.5-4 cm tumors, suitable for ablation, were randomized into MWA or RFA Groups. The primary endpoint was short-to-long diameter ratio of ablation zone (SLR). Primary technical success (TS) and a cumulative local tumor progression (LTP) after a median 2-year follow-up were compared. Between June 2015 and April 2020, 82 patients were randomly assigned (41 patients per group). For the per-protocol analysis, five patients were excluded. MWA created larger ablation zones than RFA (p = 0.036) although without differences in SLR (0.5 for both groups, p = 0.229). The TS was achieved in 98% (46/47) and 90% (45/50) (p = 0.108), and LTP was observed in 21% (10/47) vs. 12% (6/50) (OR 1.9 [95% CI 0.66-5.3], p = 0.238) of tumors in MWA vs. RFA Group, respectively. Major complications were found in 5 cases (11%) vs. 2 cases (4%), without statistical significance. MWA and RFA show similar SLR, effectiveness and safety in liver tumors between 1.5 and 4 cm.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03802-xCancer therapyClinical trialsRandomized controlled trialsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess