Papazachariadis, OdysseasDante, VittorioVerschure, Paul F. M. J.Del Giudice, PaoloFerraina, Stefano2016-02-182016-02-182014Papazachariadis O, Dante V, Verschure PFMJ, Giudice PD, Ferraina S. ITBS-induced LTP-like plasticity parallels oscillatory activity changes in the primary sensory and motor areas of macaque monkeys. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(11):1-10. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.01125041932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/10230/25894Recently, neuromodulation techniques based on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been/nproposed as a non-invasive and efficient method to induce in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP)-like aftereffects. However,/nthe exact impact of rTMS-induced perturbations on the dynamics of neuronal population activity is not well understood./nHere, in two monkeys, we examine changes in the oscillatory activity of the sensorimotor cortex following an intermittent/ntheta burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol. We first probed iTBS modulatory effects by testing the iTBS-induced facilitation of/nsomatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). Then, we examined the frequency information of the electrocorticographic signal,/nobtained using a custom-made miniaturised multi-electrode array for electrocorticography, after real or sham iTBS. We/nobserved that iTBS induced facilitation of SEPs and influenced spectral components of the signal, in both animals. The latter/neffect was more prominent on the h band (4–8 Hz) and the high c band (55–90 Hz), de-potentiated and potentiated/nrespectively. We additionally found that the multi-electrode array uniformity of b (13–26 Hz) and high c bands were also/nafflicted by iTBS. Our study suggests that enhanced cortical excitability promoted by iTBS parallels a dynamic reorganisation/nof the interested neural network. The effect in the c band suggests a transient local modulation, possibly at the level of/nsynaptic strength in interneurons. The effect in the h band suggests the disruption of temporal coordination on larger/nspatial scales.application/pdfeng© 2014 Papazachariadis et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits/nunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112504info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess