Aparisi, ÁlvaroMartín-Fernández, MartaYbarra-Falcón, CristinaGil, José FranciscoCarrasco-Moraleja, ManuelMartínez-Paz, PedroCusácovich, IvánGonzalo-Benito, HugoFuertes, RaúlMarcos-Mangas, MartaIglesias-Echeverría, CarolinaSan Román, J. AlbertoTamayo Aguirre, EduardoAndaluz Ojeda, DavidTamayo-Velasco, Álvaro2023-04-122023-04-122022Aparisi Á, Martín-Fernández M, Ybarra-Falcón C, Gil JF, Carrasco-Moraleja M, Martínez-Paz P, Cusácovich I, Gonzalo-Benito H, Fuertes R, Marcos-Mangas M, Iglesias-Echeverría C, San Román JA, Tamayo E, Andaluz-Ojeda D, Tamayo-Velasco Á. Dyslipidemia and inflammation as hallmarks of oxidative stress in COVID-19: A follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 5;23(23):15350. DOI: 10.3390/ijms2323153501422-0067http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56448Recent works have demonstrated a significant reduction in cholesterol levels and increased oxidative stress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The cause of this alteration is not well known. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate their possible association during the evolution of COVID-19. This is an observational prospective study. The primary endpoint was to analyze the association between lipid peroxidation, lipid, and inflammatory profiles in COVID-19 patients. A multivariate regression analysis was employed. The secondary endpoint included the long-term follow-up of lipid profiles. COVID-19 patients presented significantly lower values in their lipid profile (total, low, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) with greater oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared to the healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation was the unique oxidative parameter with a significant association with the total cholesterol (OR: 0.982; 95% CI: 0.969-0.996; p = 0.012), IL1-RA (OR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998-0.999; p = 0.021) IL-6 (OR: 1.062; 95% CI: 1.017-1.110; p = 0.007), IL-7 (OR: 0.653; 95% CI: 0.433-0.986; p = 0.042) and IL-17 (OR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.010-1.193; p = 0.028). Lipid abnormalities recovered after the initial insult during long-term follow-up (IQR 514 days); however, those with high LPO levels at hospital admission had, during long-term follow-up, an atherogenic lipid profile. Our study suggests that oxidative stress in COVID-19 is associated with derangements of the lipid profile and inflammation. Survivors experienced a recovery in their lipid profiles during long-term follow-up, but those with stronger oxidative responses had an atherogenic lipid profile.application/pdfeng© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315350COVID-19InflammationLipid peroxidationLipoproteinsOxidative stressTotal cholesterolinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess