Costa, OriolBarbé, Esther2025-03-072025-03-072025Costa O, Barbé E. Taking stock on the role of the EU in a fragmenting international order. In: Costa O, Soler i Lecha E, Vlaskamp MC, editors. EU foreign policy in a fragmenting international order. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; c2025. p. 263-84. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64060-5_10978-3-031-64059-9978-3-031-64062-9http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69850Based on the previous contributions to the volume, this chapter draws some conclusions. We find plenty of variation in the ways and the extent to which fragmentation is taking place in different policy areas. We suggest that international institutions designed to be universal might fragment differently from institutions that became aspirationally universal only with the end of the Cold War—although they are all exposed to the effects of great power competition. As regards the ways the EU engages with a fragmenting LIO, we claim that the contours of the EU response are starting to emerge. According to contributions to this volume, there is a broad acceptance of the logic of fragmentation, little exclusive nationalism, frequent and differently balanced combinations of Atlanticism and Europeanism, and probably a stronger response in those issue areas in which states have delegated more powers to the EU.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2025. This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.Unió Europea, Països de la -- Relacions exteriorsRelacions internacionalsCooperació internacionalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookParthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64060-5_10info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess