Estiba portuaria y libre mercado europeo: debates de derecho del trabajo en el marco del proceso de liberalización del sector en España
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Document Type
Document Version
Author
Director
López López, Julia
Rodríguez Ramos, Patrocinio Teresa
Rodríguez Ramos, Patrocinio Teresa
Tutor
Other authors
Publication Date
Pages
453 p.
Embargo date
Citation
Güell Bargalló, J. Estiba portuaria y libre mercado europeo: debates de derecho del trabajo en el marco del proceso de liberalización del sector en España. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; 2023. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688413
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Citation
Doctoral program
Programa de Doctorat en Dret
Abstract
El propósito liberalizador de la Unión Europea en el sector de la estiba portuaria español marcado por la STJUE de 11 de diciembre de 2014 (C-576/13), que llevó al ejecutivo a iniciar la reforma del sistema de gestión monopolística en el año 2017, se ha visto truncado a razón de la modificación del artículo 18º de la Ley 14/1994, de 1 de junio, por la que se regulan las empresas de trabajo temporal (LETT), operada por la Ley 4/2022, de 25 de febrero. La creación, en la reforma de 2017, vía Real-Decreto Ley, de un modelo de ETT ad hoc para el sector de la estiba (el CPE), permitió al ejecutivo crear un contexto contrario a las libertades comunitarias y de cierre del mercado, al tiempo de posibilitar que la negociación colectiva pactara medidas de mantenimiento del empleo (léase «subrogación») que dejan sin efecto el proceso de liberalización emprendido, desplazan el poder de dirección empresarial hacia terceros (léase, Comisión Paritaria Sectorial Estatal «CPSE») y disocian la figura del titular de iure y de facto de la facultad de dirección y control del empresario, al tiempo de desincentivar a las empresas estibadoras a separarse de los CPE, imponiéndoles obligaciones contrarias a la libre competencia, todo lo que, a la postre, genera un contexto de segmentación en el mercado de trabajo y de potenciales situaciones de desigualdad entre el colectivo de estibadores. Se abre un nuevo marco temporal en el que cobran protagonismo -más allá de la Comisión Europea, en defensa de las libertades comunitarias- la CNMC y la patronal ASOPORT, en la defensa de la libre competencia ex artículo 101 TFUE y 1 LDC, convirtiéndose en actores principales. En este contexto, la categorización de la prestación de servicios en la estiba como relación laboral común quedaría claramente desdibujada por el desarrollo llevado a cabo por la negociación colectiva.
The liberalizing purpose of the European Union in the Spanish port stevedoring sector defined by the judgement of the Court of Justice of December 11, 2014 (C-576/13), which led the executive to initiate the reform of the monopolistic management system in 2017, has been frustrated due to the unexpected amendment of article 18 of Law 14/1994, of June 1, which regulates temporary employment agencies (LETT), operated by Law 4/2022, of February 25. The creation, in the 2017 reform, of an ad hoc ETT model for the stevedoring sector (CPE), allowed the executive to create a context contrary to EU Freedoms and to market closure. It enabled collective bargaining to agree on employment maintenance measures (read «subrogation») that leave the liberalization process undertaken without effect, shifting corporate management power towards third parties (read «State Sectoral Joint Committee») and dissociating the figure of the de iure and de facto holder from the power of business control and management, while discouraging stevedoring companies to separate from the Port Employment Center by imposing anti-competitive obligations on them, all of which, in the end, creates a context of segmentation in the labor market and potential situations of inequality among the stevedores collective. A new era is opening-up, in which the CNMC and the employers' association ASOPORT -in the defense of free competition under Article 101 TFEU and Article 1 of the LDC- are becoming the main actors, in addition to the European Commission. In this context, the categorization of the provision of stevedoring services as a common employment relationship would be clearly blurred by the development carried out by collective bargaining.
The liberalizing purpose of the European Union in the Spanish port stevedoring sector defined by the judgement of the Court of Justice of December 11, 2014 (C-576/13), which led the executive to initiate the reform of the monopolistic management system in 2017, has been frustrated due to the unexpected amendment of article 18 of Law 14/1994, of June 1, which regulates temporary employment agencies (LETT), operated by Law 4/2022, of February 25. The creation, in the 2017 reform, of an ad hoc ETT model for the stevedoring sector (CPE), allowed the executive to create a context contrary to EU Freedoms and to market closure. It enabled collective bargaining to agree on employment maintenance measures (read «subrogation») that leave the liberalization process undertaken without effect, shifting corporate management power towards third parties (read «State Sectoral Joint Committee») and dissociating the figure of the de iure and de facto holder from the power of business control and management, while discouraging stevedoring companies to separate from the Port Employment Center by imposing anti-competitive obligations on them, all of which, in the end, creates a context of segmentation in the labor market and potential situations of inequality among the stevedores collective. A new era is opening-up, in which the CNMC and the employers' association ASOPORT -in the defense of free competition under Article 101 TFEU and Article 1 of the LDC- are becoming the main actors, in addition to the European Commission. In this context, the categorization of the provision of stevedoring services as a common employment relationship would be clearly blurred by the development carried out by collective bargaining.
Keywords
Estiba portuaria, Port stevedoring
Subjects
34 - Law
Publisher
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
