Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact

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• dc.contributor.author Álvarez-Álvarez, Laura
• dc.contributor.author Malcampo, Mireia
• dc.contributor.author Zomeño Fajardo, Maria Dolores
• dc.contributor.author Fitó Colomer, Montserrat
• dc.contributor.author Pérez Vega, Karla Alejandra
• dc.contributor.author Martín Sánchez, Vicente
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-07-21T06:00:40Z
• dc.date.available 2025-07-21T06:00:40Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Objective: To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up. Methods: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact. Results: We observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (-13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (-5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (-2.7 vs. -1.8 m2). Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %. Conclusions: A nutritional intervention based on consumption of an energy-reduced MedDiet for one year was associated with an improvement in different environmental quality parameters.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientifc biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (six coordinated FIS projects leaded by JS-S and JVi, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01332, PI20/01802, PI20/00138, PI20/01532, PI20/00456, PI20/00339, PI20/00557, PI20/00886, PI20/01158); the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to JS-S; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014–2019; agreement #340918) granted to MÁM-G.; the Recercaixa (number 2013ACUP00194) grant to JS-S; grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0137/2018; PI-0067-2022); the PROMETEO/2017/017 and PROMETEO/2021/021 grant from the Consellería Innovación, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana; the SEMERGEN grant. J.S-S is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. AC is cofounded by Margarita Salas fellowship part of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan - Funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU (Ministry of Universities). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or writing the report, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Álvarez-Álvarez L, Rubín-García M, Vitelli-Storelli F, García S, Bouzas C, Martínez-González MÁ, et al. Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact. Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 10;928:172610. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172610
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172610
• dc.identifier.issn 0048-9697
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70955
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 10;928:172610
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/340918
• dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Climate change
• dc.subject.keyword Healthy dietary pattern
• dc.subject.keyword Sustainable food
• dc.title Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion