El Oro negro de la ciudad: una etnografia sobre la producción del sujeto mantero y su voz
Loading...
Document Type
Document Version
Author
Director
Codó, Eva
Dijk, Teun Adrianus van
Dijk, Teun Adrianus van
Tutor
Other authors
Publication Date
Pages
304 p.
Embargo date
Citation
Menna, L. El Oro negro de la ciudad: una etnografia sobre la producción del sujeto mantero y su voz. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; 2023. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/688106
This citation was generated automatically.
Citation
Doctoral program
Programa de doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatge
Abstract
La voz como problema ha sido abordado desde distintos campos. Se ha identificado filosóficamente con la capacidad intrínsecamente humana de narrar la propia historia. En relación a la movilización social, se ha visto como potencial para articular la acción política. Discursivamente, designa cada punto de vista o posicionamiento reconocible (inter)textualmente. En la Sociolingüística, la voz se asocia a ideas de (in)justicia y (des)igualdad, determinantes en el éxito o el fallo comunicativo. En el mundo globalizado, la proliferación de escenarios para la voz hace necesaria una revisión de estas nociones y una observación crítica de cómo se (re)producen y circulan ciertas voces. Esta tesis se propone rastrear los procesos colectivos y situados a través de los cuales el Sindicato Popular de Vendedores Ambulantes de Barcelona moviliza recursos semióticos que son construidos en el campo como voz. Dicho campo se concibe como el espacio discursivo de la venta ambulante, dentro del cual el mantero se constituye como sujeto político. La investigación se pregunta por la genealogía y la materialidad de la voz mantera, así como por su devenir hacia una mayor autonomía en su producción y circulación. En concreto, se reconstruyen los significados de expresiones como “dar voz” o “(no) tener voz” y los (des)encuentros que generan, dentro de las interacciones en las cuales el mantero cuenta su historia o es interpelado para dar cuenta de sí. Longitudinalmente, la voz aparece en los datos como terreno de lucha en el que se juegan intereses y valores añadidos a lo mantero, que tendrán distintas consecuencias para la reproducción de la comunidad de vendedores ambulantes. La organización de los vendedores ambulantes en una forma de sindicalismo social y dentro del tejido de movimientos sociales en Barcelona sirven de nodo para observar dinámicas sociopolíticas en el contexto local, regional y estatal en el período 2015-2020, y, además, permiten ver la inscripción de esa organización en una crisis global del trabajo, del control migratorio y en un marco de (anti)racismo global. Trazar etnográficamente la voz mantera, en ese complejo entramado social y discursivo, es el método que se ha seguido para analizar algunas de las tensiones que se dan al interior de esos procesos. Ello fue posible gracias a la participación política y etnográfica que permite la triangulación de datos de variada naturaleza (entrevistas en profundidad, notas de campo, documentos oficiales, datos de prensa, etc.), incluida la propia experiencia dentro de los hechos reconstruidos. VI El resultado apunta a una problematización de la categoría voz respecto a lo recogido en la literatura, para su implicación en el abordaje de lo social, especialmente cuando se trata de sujetos transfronterizos y sus luchas. En primer lugar, la voz no se reduce a la expresión de un sujeto unificado, ideológica e identitariamente reconocible. Su naturaleza interdiscursiva, colectiva y abierta produce un sujeto mantero de visibilidad intermitente y en constante devenir. El análisis del caso mantero demuestra, además, que no basta con tener voz para lograr objetivos políticos, y que ser reconocido como interlocutor no garantiza una escucha efectiva. Se observa una ambivalente preeminencia de la voz mantera que es disciplinada y gobernada, pero, a la vez, constantemente elicitada para extraer su valor. Esto conduce a un entendimiento que tenga en cuenta los intereses que genera una voz y las escenas de interpelación en las que se capitaliza ese valor. Por último, la voz analizada demuestra un potencial para ser pensada más allá de la desigualdad, es decir, no determinada únicamente por el acceso a los recursos discursivos. En momentos de fuga y de autonomía, igualmente constitutivos de la voz, se puede ver cómo se exceden los límites impuestos por órdenes significantes.
Voice as a problem has been approached from numerous different research traditions. It has been philosophically identified with the intrinsically human capacity to narrate one's own story. With regard to social mobilisation, it has been seen as a potential for articulating political claims and action. Discursively, it designates each of the points of view (or stances taken) (inter)textually recognisable. When it comes to Sociolinguistics, voice is associated with ideas of (in)justice and (in)equality that determine communicative success or failure. In the globalised world, the proliferation of scenarios for voice calls for a revision of these notions and a critical observation of how certain voices are (re)produced and circulate. This thesis sets out to trace the collective and situated processes through which the Sindicato Popular de Vendedores Ambulantes de Barcelona mobilises semiotic resources in order to achieve what, in the field, is understood as having a voice. This field is conceived as the discursive space of street vending, within which the street vendor (mantero) is constituted as a political subject. The research questions focus on the genealogy and materiality of the mantero’s voice, as well as its evolution towards greater autonomy in its production and circulation. Specifically, it reconstructs the meanings of expressions such as "giving voice" or "(not) having a voice" and the (dis)encounters they generate, within interactions in which the mantero tell their story or is called upon to give an account of themselves. Longitudinally, voice appears in the data as a terrain of struggle in which interests and values at stake will have different consequences for the reproduction of the street vendor community. The social unionism form adopted by the street vendors’ organisation within the fabric of social movements in Barcelona serves as a node to tackle socio-political dynamics in the local, regional and state context in the period 2015-2020. It also allows one to observe the inscription of this organisation in a global crisis of labour, migration control, on the one hand, and in a framework of global (anti)racism, on the other. This thesis traces the mantero’s voice ethnographically, in this complex social and discursive web, to analyse some of the tensions within these processes. This was possible thanks to my own political and ethnographic engagement that allow the generations and triangulation of a range of data (in-depth interviews, field notes, official documents, press data, etc.) The results point to a problematization of the category of voice in relation to previous literature for its implication in the approach to social processes, especially when it comes to cross-border subjects and their struggles. First, voice cannot be reduced to the expression of VIII the ideology and identity of a unified, recognisable subject. Its interdiscursive, collective and open nature produces an intermittent visibility and constantly evolving mantero’s subjectivity. This case study demonstrates, moreover, that having a voice is not enough to achieve political goals and that being recognised as an interlocutor does not guarantee effective listening. We observe an ambivalent pre-eminence of the mantero’s voice, which is disciplined and governed but at the same time constantly elicited in a way that extracts its value. This leads to an understanding that takes into account the interests generated by a voice and the scenes of interpellation in which that value is capitalised. Finally, the voice analysed has potential to be considered beyond inequality, that is, it is not solely determined by access to discursive resources. In moments of escape and autonomy, equally constitutive of voice, it is possible to see how the limits imposed by signifying orders are exceeded.
Voice as a problem has been approached from numerous different research traditions. It has been philosophically identified with the intrinsically human capacity to narrate one's own story. With regard to social mobilisation, it has been seen as a potential for articulating political claims and action. Discursively, it designates each of the points of view (or stances taken) (inter)textually recognisable. When it comes to Sociolinguistics, voice is associated with ideas of (in)justice and (in)equality that determine communicative success or failure. In the globalised world, the proliferation of scenarios for voice calls for a revision of these notions and a critical observation of how certain voices are (re)produced and circulate. This thesis sets out to trace the collective and situated processes through which the Sindicato Popular de Vendedores Ambulantes de Barcelona mobilises semiotic resources in order to achieve what, in the field, is understood as having a voice. This field is conceived as the discursive space of street vending, within which the street vendor (mantero) is constituted as a political subject. The research questions focus on the genealogy and materiality of the mantero’s voice, as well as its evolution towards greater autonomy in its production and circulation. Specifically, it reconstructs the meanings of expressions such as "giving voice" or "(not) having a voice" and the (dis)encounters they generate, within interactions in which the mantero tell their story or is called upon to give an account of themselves. Longitudinally, voice appears in the data as a terrain of struggle in which interests and values at stake will have different consequences for the reproduction of the street vendor community. The social unionism form adopted by the street vendors’ organisation within the fabric of social movements in Barcelona serves as a node to tackle socio-political dynamics in the local, regional and state context in the period 2015-2020. It also allows one to observe the inscription of this organisation in a global crisis of labour, migration control, on the one hand, and in a framework of global (anti)racism, on the other. This thesis traces the mantero’s voice ethnographically, in this complex social and discursive web, to analyse some of the tensions within these processes. This was possible thanks to my own political and ethnographic engagement that allow the generations and triangulation of a range of data (in-depth interviews, field notes, official documents, press data, etc.) The results point to a problematization of the category of voice in relation to previous literature for its implication in the approach to social processes, especially when it comes to cross-border subjects and their struggles. First, voice cannot be reduced to the expression of VIII the ideology and identity of a unified, recognisable subject. Its interdiscursive, collective and open nature produces an intermittent visibility and constantly evolving mantero’s subjectivity. This case study demonstrates, moreover, that having a voice is not enough to achieve political goals and that being recognised as an interlocutor does not guarantee effective listening. We observe an ambivalent pre-eminence of the mantero’s voice, which is disciplined and governed but at the same time constantly elicited in a way that extracts its value. This leads to an understanding that takes into account the interests generated by a voice and the scenes of interpellation in which that value is capitalised. Finally, the voice analysed has potential to be considered beyond inequality, that is, it is not solely determined by access to discursive resources. In moments of escape and autonomy, equally constitutive of voice, it is possible to see how the limits imposed by signifying orders are exceeded.
Keywords
Voz, Voice
Subjects
81
Publisher
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
