Essays on Economic Growth and the skill bias of technology
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Voth, Hans-Joachim
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Voigtländer, N. Essays on Economic Growth and the skill bias of technology. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; 2008. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7374
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Doctoral program
Programa de doctorat en Economia, Finances i Empresa
Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral es una colección de tres artículos. Los capítulos 1 y 2, co-autorados con Joachim Voth, investigan por qué Europa en 1700 ya era más rico que el resto del mundo y por qué Inglaterra fue el primer país en industrializarse. Encontramos que las dinámicas de la población, en lugar del crecimiento de la productividad, fueron los promotores más importantes del desarrollo económico de Europa Occidental durante la temprana edad moderna (1450-1700). Calibramos un modelo probabilístico para representar Inglaterra en 1700 y encontramos que ingresos iniciales más altos unidos a limitaciones de fertilidad aumentaron la probabilidad de industrialización. En el tercer capítulo, presento un nuevo hecho estilizado y analizo su contribución al sesgo del cambio tecnológico hacia los trabajadores más cualificados: El porcentaje de trabajadores cualificados en la producción intermedia está altamente correlacionado con la proporción de trabajo cualificado en la producción final. Esto genera un efecto multiplicador que refuerza la demanda de trabajo cualificado a lo largo de la cadena de producción. El efecto es importante, explica más de un tercio del aumento de la demanda de trabajadores cualificados en la industria manufacturera de EE.UU.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays. Chapters 1 and 2, co-authored with Joachim Voth, investigate the question why Europe in 1700 was ahead of the rest of the world and why England was the first country to industrialize. We find that population dynamics, rather than productivity growth, were the most important drivers for Western Europe to overtake China in the early modern period (1450-1700). We calibrate a probabilistic model to match England in 1700 and find that higher initial per capita incomes together with fertility limitation increased its industrialization probabilities. In the third chapter, I present a novel stylized fact and analyze its contribution to the skill bias of technical change: The share of skilled labor embedded in intermediate inputs correlates strongly with the skill share employed in final production. This delivers a multiplier that reinforces skill demand along the production chain. The effect is large, accounting for more than one third of the observed skill upgrading in U.S. manufacturing.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays. Chapters 1 and 2, co-authored with Joachim Voth, investigate the question why Europe in 1700 was ahead of the rest of the world and why England was the first country to industrialize. We find that population dynamics, rather than productivity growth, were the most important drivers for Western Europe to overtake China in the early modern period (1450-1700). We calibrate a probabilistic model to match England in 1700 and find that higher initial per capita incomes together with fertility limitation increased its industrialization probabilities. In the third chapter, I present a novel stylized fact and analyze its contribution to the skill bias of technical change: The share of skilled labor embedded in intermediate inputs correlates strongly with the skill share employed in final production. This delivers a multiplier that reinforces skill demand along the production chain. The effect is large, accounting for more than one third of the observed skill upgrading in U.S. manufacturing.
Keywords
Input-Output, Multiplier, Intermediate Linkages, Skill-Biased Technical Change, Epidemics, Demographic Regime, Great Divergence, Calibration, Unified Growth Theory, Malthus to Solow, Industrial Revolution, Long-run Growth, Input-Output, Complementariedad, Multiplicadores, Sesgo del Cambio Tecnológico hacia Trabajadores Cu, Epidemias, Régimen Demográfico, Gran Divergencia, Calibración, Teoría Unificada de Crecimiento, Revolución Industrial, de Malthus a Solow, Crecimiento al largo plazo, Complementarity
Subjects
331 - Labor. Labor relations. Employment. Work organization
338 - Economic situation. Economic policy. Economic management, control, and planning. Production. Services. Tourism. Prices
338 - Economic situation. Economic policy. Economic management, control, and planning. Production. Services. Tourism. Prices
Publisher
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
