Distribution and evolution of short sequence tandem repeats in eukariotic genomes
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Albà Soler, Mar
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150 p.
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Citation
Ledda, A. Distribution and evolution of short sequence tandem repeats in eukariotic genomes. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; 2011. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31968
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Doctoral program
Programa de doctorat en Biomedicina
Abstract
Els microsat el lits s on seq u encies d'ADN formades per repeticions en t andem de motius curts. Les curtes seq u encies repetides en t andem s on ubiq ues en els genomes dels eucariotes, tant en les regions codi cants com en les regions no codi cants. Aquestes seq u encies tenen un nivell molt elevat de polimor sme i de diverg encia interespec ca. Hem investigat si les dades obtingudes mitjan cant la seq uenciaci o de nova generaci o del Projecte Pilot dels 1000 Genomes s on utils per quanti car la variabilitat dels microsat el lits en les poblacions humanes i per descobrir nous loci hipot eticament implicats en malalties causades per l'expansi o de repeticions de trinucle otids. Hem analitzat la conservaci o ologen etica dels microsat el lits per entendre el rol que juga la selecci o en l'evoluci o dels microsat el lits. El primer estudi conclou que en els llinatges dels vertebrats, les repeticions en t andem d'amino acids estan m es conservades que altres seq u encies similars localitzades a les regions no codi cants. Aix o ens porta a concloure que l'evoluci o ha mantingut les repeticions a les regions codi cants de les prote nes. En una segona fase hem analitzat la conservaci o dels microsat el lits en diferents regions gen omiques, comparant-les amb la conservaci o dels microsat el lits a les regions interg eniques. Concloem que la selecci o no mant e nom es els microsat el lits als exons, sin o que tamb e a altres regions gen omiques.
Microsatellites are DNA sequences formed by tandem repetition of short motifs. Short sequence tandem repeats are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes both in coding and non-coding regions. They show a very high level of polymophism and interspeci c divergence. We investigated the use of next generation sequencing data, from the 1000 Genomes Pilot Prjects, to quantify microsatellite variability in the human population and discover putative new loci involved in trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. We analysed microsatellites phylogenetic conservation to learn about the role of selection in shaping microsatellite evolution. The rst study con- cluded that in vertebrate lineages amino acid tandem repeats were more conserved than similar sequences located in non-coding regions. This lead us to the conclusion that evolution was preserving repeats in protein-coding regions. In a second stage we analzed the conservation of microsatellites in di erent genomic regions, comparing them with the of microsatellite in inter- genic region. We concluded that selection was not preserving microsatellites only in exons but also in other genomic regions. 1
Microsatellites are DNA sequences formed by tandem repetition of short motifs. Short sequence tandem repeats are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes both in coding and non-coding regions. They show a very high level of polymophism and interspeci c divergence. We investigated the use of next generation sequencing data, from the 1000 Genomes Pilot Prjects, to quantify microsatellite variability in the human population and discover putative new loci involved in trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. We analysed microsatellites phylogenetic conservation to learn about the role of selection in shaping microsatellite evolution. The rst study con- cluded that in vertebrate lineages amino acid tandem repeats were more conserved than similar sequences located in non-coding regions. This lead us to the conclusion that evolution was preserving repeats in protein-coding regions. In a second stage we analzed the conservation of microsatellites in di erent genomic regions, comparing them with the of microsatellite in inter- genic region. We concluded that selection was not preserving microsatellites only in exons but also in other genomic regions. 1
Keywords
Microsatellites, Amino acid tandem repeats, Short sequence tandem repeats, Phylogenetic Conservation, Non-coding regions, Selecció natural, Conservació fiologenètica, Microsatèl.lits, Repeticions en tàndem d'aminoàcids, Seqüenciació de nova generació
Subjects
575 - General genetics. General cytogenetics. Immunogenetics. Evolution. Phylogeny
Publisher
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
