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Effects of mixing energy drinks with alcohol on driving-related skills

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dc.contributor.author Pérez Mañá, Clara
dc.contributor.author Mateus Rodriguez, Julian Andrés
dc.contributor.author Díaz-Pellicer, Patricia
dc.contributor.author Díaz-Baggerman, Ariadna
dc.contributor.author Pérez, Marta
dc.contributor.author Pujadas Bastardes, Mitona
dc.contributor.author Fonseca Casals, Francina, 1972-
dc.contributor.author Papaseit Fontanet, Esther
dc.contributor.author Pujol, Jesús
dc.contributor.author Langohr, Klaus
dc.contributor.author Torre Fornell, Rafael de la
dc.date.accessioned 2022-06-15T06:29:10Z
dc.date.available 2022-06-15T06:29:10Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.citation Pérez-Mañá C, Mateus JA, Díaz-Pellicer P, Díaz-Baggerman A, Pérez M, Pujadas M, Fonseca F, Papaseit E, Pujol J, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Effects of mixing energy drinks with alcohol on driving-related skills. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Jan 12;25(1):13-25. DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab051
dc.identifier.issn 1461-1457
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53495
dc.description.abstract Background: Energy drinks (EDs) reduce sleepiness and fatigue and improve driving performance whereas alcohol does just the opposite. Although it is a trendy combination among young people, the effects of alcohol mixed with EDs on driving performance have been poorly studied. The aim was to assess if there is an interaction between the effects of both drinks on driving-related skills as well as perceptions about driving ability. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled 4-way crossover clinical trial. Participants were 16 healthy volunteers. Interventions of 60 g of ethanol and 750 mL of Red Bull (RB) were administered in 2 separated doses. Conditions were alcohol + RB placebo, alcohol + RB, alcohol placebo + RB, and both placebos. Objective performance was assessed using a tracking test and simple reaction time, N-Back, and movement estimation tasks. Additionally, willingness to drive, other subjective effects, and ethanol and caffeine blood concentrations were also measured. Results: Alcohol increased the time outside the road in the tracking test and increased simple reaction time, but the addition of RB had no main or interaction effects on performance. Nonetheless, driving-related skills after alcohol + RB were better than after alcohol alone. Willingness to drive increased with the combination of drinks. RB also reduced alcohol-induced sedation whereas drunkenness did not change. These effects were seen even though alcohol + RB increased alcohol (14.8%) and caffeine plasma concentrations (17.6%). Conclusions: Mixing EDs with alcohol predisposes consumers to drive under alcohol influence, perhaps in part because EDs counteract its detrimental effects on driving-related skills. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02771587.
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Oxford University Press
dc.relation.ispartof Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Jan 12;25(1):13-25
dc.rights © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.title Effects of mixing energy drinks with alcohol on driving-related skills
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab051
dc.subject.keyword Alcohol
dc.subject.keyword Addiction
dc.subject.keyword Caffeine
dc.subject.keyword Driving-related skills
dc.subject.keyword Energy drinks
dc.subject.keyword Interaction
dc.subject.keyword Pharmacokinetics
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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