Estudio descriptivo de los cuidadores principales de las personas dependientes en Mataró

Abstract

Antecedentes: La población ha experimentado cambios sociodemográficos, con un/nenvejecimiento progresivo y a la vez un aumento de la población dependiente. Con los avances científicos y las nuevas alternativas terapéuticas están habiendo más personas dependientes frágiles, complejas y multipatológicas en los domicilios, los cuales requieren de un cuidador principal./nObjetivo principal: Conocer los factores sociales y emocionales de los cuidadores y personas dependientes de Mataró que realizaron una formación psicoeducativa./nMetodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal sobre una muestra de 15/ncuidadores principales./nResultados: El perfil del cuidador es el de una mujer (66,7%) de 59 años, casada (66,7%), con un nivel de estudios igual o superior al graduado escolar (80%) y actualmente en el paro (60%). El perfil de la persona dependiente es igual en relación al género, de 85 años y viuda (62,5%). El 40% tienen un deterioro cognitivo grave y el 80% una dependencia leve. El cuidador y la persona cuidada son cónyuges (33%) y el 80% conviven juntos. El 53% de los cuidadores principales llevan más de dos años cuidando y una media de 18 horas al día./nConclusiones: Hay una tendencia al reagrupamiento familiar cuando se produce una situación de dependencia. Las principales causas de esta situación son las enfermedades y el deterioro cognitivo de las personas cuidadas. Los cuidadores manifestaron sentirse privilegiados de poder cuidar a su familiar dependiente,/nque su relación ha mejorado y que realmente quieren asumir este rol de cuidador principal. Hay una gran cantidad de cuidadores principales en los domicilios con pocos conocimientos sobre los cuidados y a la vez con ganas de aprender para poder realizarlos correctamente. El papel de la enfermera es el de cuidar por este motivo quien mejor para formar a estos cuidadores y que tengan una alta autoestima y confianza en sí mismos para poder realizar los cuidados.

Background: The population has experienced social and demographic changes, with a/nprogressive aging of the population and, therefore, a rising on the number of dependent/npeople. With the new technologies and therapeutical alternatives theres even more/ndependent people who are fragile, complex and multipathological who are at home and need/na care/nObjectives: To get to know the social and emotional factors of the care and the dependent/npeople in Mataró that had some sort of psychoeducational training./nMethods: Observational study, descriptive and transverse about a sample of 15 main cares./nResults: The profile of the care is that of a woman (66,7%) of 59 years old, married (66,7%),/nwith a level of education similar or higher than school graduate (80%) and currently/nunemployed (60%). The profile of the dependent person is that of a female as well, aged 85/nand widows (62,5%). A 40% of them have a serious cognitive impairment and an 80% of them/nhave a small dependence. The care and the person being taken care of are usually a married/ncouple (33%) and an 80% of them live together. A 53% of the cares have been taking care of/ntheir loved ones for over two years and 18 hours a day on average./nConclusions: There is a tendency unity within the family members when a situation of/ndependence arises. The principal causes of these situations are long term illnesses and the/ncognitive impairment of the people being taken care of./nThe care givers stated they felt very good about being able to take care of their relatives, and/nsaid their relationship has improved a lot ever since and they are willing to take this role as/ncare./nThere is a big amount of care in the homes with very little knowledge about how to take care/nof a dependent person, but who at the same time are willing to learn these things. The role of/nthe nurse is to take care of a patient, that’s why they are the best ones to train these care/ngivers on how to do everything, and at the same time make them have a very good self-esteem/nand confidence for them to do their best when taking care of their loved ones.

Heart failure (PC) is the accident that causes more mortality and neurological sequelae in the current population. Many who have recovered spontaneous circulation (ROSC) die hours later or they are left with severe cognitive dysfunction. This is why we are researching to improve the prognosis of "Post cardiac arrest syndrome". Scientific evidence suggests that induction of mild hypothermia (32-35°C) is very promising and of great national and international interest in neurological care in the hours after cardiac arrest and can reduce and prevent permanent injury treatment./nIt was conducted an integrative literature review from December 2013 to June 2014 that discusses available literature in electronic format of therapeutic hypothermia. The objective was to know the accurate information that's available of different treatments and their effectiveness, duration, side effects and when, how and under what conditions should be conducted therapeutic hypothermia. The articles were selected from three databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCIELO. Of the total of 1833 original articles were found between the three databases, were discarded 1802 did not meet the inclusion criteria and because they weren’t interesting to the study, resulting in a final sample of 31 articles that were analysed into categories and also discussed.Of the 31 articles analysed, only one has made mention of the nurse professional and the importance of this specialization in the care of the HT, which shows a lack of involvement and nursing position versus this procedure. Research shows gaps in studies on the effectiveness of outpatient HT, as well as in the field of paediatrics. A field of need opens, and they should focus the envestigations on specialized nursing care, the usefulness of the in situ cooling, the use of HT during CPR, and the introduction of HT with or without hospital shockable rhythm.