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The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

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dc.contributor.author Dohm, Juliane C.
dc.contributor.author Minoche, André E.
dc.contributor.author Holtgräwe, Daniela
dc.contributor.author Capella Gutiérrez, Salvador Jesús, 1985-
dc.contributor.author Zakrzewski, Falk
dc.contributor.author Tafer, Hakim
dc.contributor.author Rupp, Oliver
dc.contributor.author Sörensen, Thomas Rosleff
dc.contributor.author Stracke, Ralf
dc.contributor.author Reinhardt, Richard
dc.contributor.author Goesmann, Alexander
dc.contributor.author Kraft, Thomas
dc.contributor.author Schulz, Britta
dc.contributor.author Stadler, Peter F.
dc.contributor.author Schmidt, Thomas
dc.contributor.author Gabaldón Estevan, Juan Antonio, 1973-
dc.contributor.author Lehrach, Hans
dc.contributor.author Weisshaar, Bernd
dc.contributor.author Himmelbauer, Heinz
dc.date.accessioned 2014-05-19T09:32:34Z
dc.date.available 2014-05-19T09:32:34Z
dc.date.issued 2014
dc.identifier.citation Dohm JC, Minoche AE, Holtgräwe D, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Zakrzewski F, Tafer H et al. The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Nature. 2014;505(7484):546-9. DOI: 10.1038/nature12817
dc.identifier.issn 0028-0836
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/22493
dc.description.abstract Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is an important crop of temperate climates which provides nearly 30% of the world's annual sugar production and is a source for bioethanol and animal feed. The species belongs to the order of Caryophylalles, is diploid with 2n = 18 chromosomes, has an estimated genome size of 714-758 megabases and shares an ancient genome triplication with other eudicot plants. Leafy beets have been cultivated since Roman times, but sugar beet is one of the most recently domesticated crops. It arose in the late eighteenth century when lines accumulating sugar in the storage root were selected from crosses made with chard and fodder beet. Here we present a reference genome sequence for sugar beet as the first non-rosid, non-asterid eudicot genome, advancing comparative genomics and phylogenetic reconstructions. The genome sequence comprises 567 megabases, of which 85% could be assigned to chromosomes. The assembly covers a large proportion of the repetitive sequence content that was estimated to be 63%. We predicted 27,421 protein-coding genes supported by transcript data and annotated them on the basis of sequence homology. Phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for the separation of Caryophyllales before the split of asterids and rosids, and revealed lineage-specific gene family expansions and losses. We sequenced spinach (Spinacia oleracea), another Caryophyllales species, and validated features that separate this clade from rosids and asterids. Intraspecific genomic variation was analysed based on the genome sequences of sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima; progenitor of all beet crops) and four additional sugar beet accessions. We identified seven million variant positions in the reference genome, and also large regions of low variability, indicating artificial selection. The sugar beet genome sequence enables the identification of genes affecting agronomically relevant traits, supports molecular breeding and maximizes the plant's potential in energy biotechnology.
dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the BMBF grant "Verbundprojekt GABI BeetSeq: Erstellung einer Referenzsequenz für das Genom der Zuckerrübe (Beta vulgaris)", FKZ 0315069A and 0315069B (to H.H. and B.W.) and by the BMBF grant/n"AnnoBeet: Annotation des Genoms der Zuckerrübe unter Berücksichtigung von/nGenfunktionen und struktureller Variabilität für Nutzung von Genomdaten in der/nPflanzenbiotechnologie.", FKZ 0315962 A, 0315962 B and 0315962 C (to B.W., H.H., and T.S.)
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Nature Publishing Group
dc.relation.ispartof Nature. 2014;505(7484):546-9
dc.rights © Nature Publishing Group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12817. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
dc.subject.other Remolatxes -- Genètica
dc.subject.other Conreu -- Genètica
dc.subject.other Genomes
dc.title The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12817
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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