Recerca: articles, congressos, llibreshttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/55422024-03-19T05:56:47Z2024-03-19T05:56:47ZThe good, the bad, and the complex: product design with imperfect informationAsriyan, VladimirFoarta, DanaVanasco, Victoriahttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/594542024-03-19T02:30:33Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe good, the bad, and the complex: product design with imperfect information
Asriyan, Vladimir; Foarta, Dana; Vanasco, Victoria
We study the joint determination of product quality and complexity. In our model complexity affects how difficult it is for an agent to acquire information about product quality. An agent can accept or reject a product proposed by a designer, who can affect the quality and the complexity of the product. We find that complexity is not a necessary feature of low-quality products. An increase in designer–agent alignment leads to more complex but better-quality products. However, higher product demand or lower competition among designers leads to more complex and lower-quality products. We relate our findings to the existing empirical evidence.
Includes supplementary materials for the online appendix.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZA longitudinal investigation of non-suicidal self-injury persistence patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes during the college periodKiekens, GlennClaes, LaurenceHasking, PenelopeMortier, PhilippeBootsma, ErikBoyes, MarkMyin-Germeys, InezDemyttenaere, KoenCuijpers, PimKessler, Ronald C.Nock, Matthew K.Bruffaerts, Ronnyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/594532024-03-19T02:30:34Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZA longitudinal investigation of non-suicidal self-injury persistence patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes during the college period
Kiekens, Glenn; Claes, Laurence; Hasking, Penelope; Mortier, Philippe; Bootsma, Erik; Boyes, Mark; Myin-Germeys, Inez; Demyttenaere, Koen; Cuijpers, Pim; Kessler, Ronald C.; Nock, Matthew K.; Bruffaerts, Ronny
Abstract
Background: Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is known typically to begin in adolescence, longitudinal information is lacking about patterns, predictors, and clinical outcomes of NSSI persistence among emerging adults. The present study was designed to (1) estimate NSSI persistence during the college period, (2) identify risk factors and high-risk students for NSSI persistence patterns, and (3) evaluate the association with future mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB).
Methods: Using prospective cohorts from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 5915), part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, web-based surveys assessed mental health and psychosocial problems at college entrance and three annual follow-up assessments.
Results: Approximately one in five (20.4%) students reported lifetime NSSI at college entrance. NSSI persistence was estimated at 56.4%, with 15.6% reporting a high-frequency repetitive pattern (≥five times yearly). Many hypothesized risk factors were associated with repetitive NSSI persistence, with the most potent effects observed for pre-college NSSI characteristics. Multivariate models suggest that an intervention focusing on the 10-20% at the highest predicted risk could effectively reach 34.9-56.7% of students with high-frequency repetitive NSSI persistence (PPV = 81.8-93.4, AUC = 0.88-0.91). Repetitive NSSI persistence during the first two college years predicted 12-month mental disorders, role impairment, and STB during the third college year, including suicide attempts.
Conclusions: Most emerging adults with a history of NSSI report persistent self-injury during their college years. Web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting students at risk for a highly persistent NSSI pattern characterized by subsequent adverse outcomes.
Keywords: College period; emerging adulthood; mental disorders; non-suicidal self-injury; persistence; suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZClinical performance and head-to-head comparison of CSF p-tau235 with p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in two memory clinic cohortsLantero Rodríguez, JuanVrillon, AgatheFernández-Lebrero, AidaOrtiz Romero, PaulaSnellman, AnniinaMontoliu-Gaya, LaiaBrum, Wagner S.Cognat, EmmanuelDumurgier, JulienPuig-Pijoan, AlbertNavalpotro-Gómez, IreneGarcía-Escobar, GretaKarikari, Thomas K.Vanmechelen, EugeenAshton, Nicholas J.Zetterberg, HenrikSuárez-Calvet, MarcPaquet, ClaireBlennow, Kajhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/594522024-03-19T02:30:28Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZClinical performance and head-to-head comparison of CSF p-tau235 with p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in two memory clinic cohorts
Lantero Rodríguez, Juan; Vrillon, Agathe; Fernández-Lebrero, Aida; Ortiz Romero, Paula; Snellman, Anniina; Montoliu-Gaya, Laia; Brum, Wagner S.; Cognat, Emmanuel; Dumurgier, Julien; Puig-Pijoan, Albert; Navalpotro-Gómez, Irene; García-Escobar, Greta; Karikari, Thomas K.; Vanmechelen, Eugeen; Ashton, Nicholas J.; Zetterberg, Henrik; Suárez-Calvet, Marc; Paquet, Claire; Blennow, Kaj
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau235 is a novel biomarker highly specific of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, CSF p-tau235 has only been studied in well-characterized research cohorts, which do not fully reflect the patient landscape found in clinical settings. Therefore, in this multicentre study, we investigated the performance of CSF p-tau235 to detect symptomatic AD in clinical settings and compared it with CSF p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231.
Methods
CSF p-tau235 was measured using an in-house single molecule array (Simoa) assay in two independent memory clinic cohorts: Paris cohort (Lariboisière Fernand-Widal University Hospital Paris, France; n=212) and BIODEGMAR cohort (Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; n=175). Patients were classified by the syndromic diagnosis (cognitively unimpaired [CU], mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or dementia) and their biological diagnosis (amyloid-beta [Aβ]+ or Aβ
). Both cohorts included detailed cognitive assessments and CSF biomarker measurements (clinically validated core AD biomarkers [Lumipulse CSF Aβ1–42/40 ratio, p-tau181 and t-tau] and in-house developed Simoa CSF p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231).
Results
High CSF p-tau235 levels were strongly associated with CSF amyloidosis regardless of the clinical diagnosis, being significantly increased in MCI Aβ+ and dementia Aβ+ when compared with all other Aβ− groups (Paris cohort: P ˂0.0001 for all; BIODEGMAR cohort: P ˂0.05 for all). CSF p-tau235 was pronouncedly increased in the A+T+ profile group compared with A−T− and A+T− groups (P ˂0.0001 for all). Moreover, CSF p-tau235 demonstrated high diagnostic accuracies identifying CSF amyloidosis in symptomatic cases (AUCs=0.86 to 0.96) and discriminating AT groups (AUCs=0.79 to 0.98). Overall, CSF p-tau235 showed similar performances to CSF p-tau181 and CSF p-tau231 when discriminating CSF amyloidosis in various scenarios, but lower than CSF p-tau217. Finally, CSF p-tau235 associated with global cognition and memory domain in both cohorts.
Conclusions
CSF p-tau235 was increased with the presence of CSF amyloidosis in two independent memory clinic cohorts. CSF p-tau235 accurately identified AD in both MCI and dementia patients. Overall, the diagnostic performance of CSF p-tau235 was comparable to that of other CSF p-tau measurements, indicating its suitability to support a biomarker-based AD diagnosis in clinical settings.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZCancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder cancer: Origin, biology, and therapeutic opportunitiesCaramelo, BelénZagorac, SladjanaCorral, SoniaMarqués, MiriamReal, Francisco X.http://hdl.handle.net/10230/594512024-03-19T02:30:40Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZCancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder cancer: Origin, biology, and therapeutic opportunities
Caramelo, Belén; Zagorac, Sladjana; Corral, Sonia; Marqués, Miriam; Real, Francisco X.
Context: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a highly prevalent tumour and a health problem worldwide, especially among men. Recent work has highlighted the relevance of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer biology with translational implications. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent, heterogeneous population of cells in the TME. CAFs have been associated with tumour development, progression, and poor prognosis in several neoplasms. However, their role in BLCA has not yet been exploited deeply. Objective: To review the role of CAFs in BLCA biology and provide an understanding of CAF origin, subtypes, markers, and phenotypic and functional characteristics to improve patient management. Evidence acquisition: A PubMed search was performed to review manuscripts published using the terms "cancer associated fibroblast" and "bladder cancer" or "urothelial cancer". All abstracts were reviewed, and the full content of all relevant manuscripts was analysed. In addition, selected manuscripts on CAFs in other tumours were considered. Evidence synthesis: CAFs have been studied less extensively in BLCA than in other tumours. Thanks to new techniques, such as single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics, it is now possible to accurately map and molecularly define the phenotype of fibroblasts in normal bladder and BLCA. Bulk transcriptomic analyses have revealed the existence of subtypes among both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive BLCA; these subtypes display distinct features regarding their CAF content. We provide a higher-resolution map of the phenotypic diversity of CAFs in these tumour subtypes. Preclinical studies and recent promising clinical trials leverage on this knowledge through the combined targeting of CAFs or their effectors and the immune microenvironment. Conclusions: Current knowledge of BLCA CAFs and the TME is being increasingly applied to improve BLCA therapy. There is a need to acquire a deeper understanding of CAF biology in BLCA. Patient summary: Tumour cells are surrounded by nontumoural cells that contribute to the determination of the behaviour of cancers. Among them are cancer-associated fibroblasts. The "neighbourhoods" established through these cellular interactions can now be studied with much greater resolution. Understanding these features of tumours will contribute to the designing of more effective therapies, especially in relationship to bladder cancer immunotherapy.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z