Background: Evidence linking ambient air pollution with atherosclerosis is lacking from low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, evidence regarding the association between household air pollution and atherosclerosis ...

While there is convincing evidence that fine particulate matter causes cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, little of the evidence is based on populations outside of high income countries, leaving large uncertainties ...

Scalable exposure assessment approaches that capture personal exposure to particles for purposes of epidemiology are currently limited, but valuable, particularly in low-/middle-income countries where sources of personal ...