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The gut microbiota enhances systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to vaccines, but it is unknown whether this effect involves IgA, which coats intestinal microbes. That IgA may amplify postimmune IgG production is suggested by the impaired IgG response to pneumococcal vaccines in some IgA-deficient patients. Here, we found that antipneumococcal but not total IgG production was impaired in mice with IgA deficiency. The positive effect of gut IgA on antipneumococcal IgG responses started very early in life and could implicate gut bacteria, as these responses were attenuated in germ-free mice recolonized with gut microbes from IgA-deficient donors. IgA could exert this effect by constraining the systemic translocation of gut antigens, which was associated with chronic immune activation, including T cell overexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). This inhibitory receptor may attenuate antipneumococcal IgG production by causing B cell hyporesponsiveness, which improved upon anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, gut IgA functionally interacts with systemic IgG to enhance antipneumococcal vaccine responses.
(2025) Gutzeit, Cindy; Magri, Giuliana, 1978-; Guzmán, Mauricio; Tejedor Vaquero, Sonia, 1988-; Tachó-Piñot, Roser; Cerutti, Andrea, 1965-Los canales de YouTube cuyo objetivo es ofrecer un contenido formativo de acceso libre han proliferado en los últimos años. En tanto que textos audiovisuales con un recorrido relativamente corto, este tipo de vídeos no ha recibido todavía mucha atención en el ámbito de la traducción audiovisual ni en el de la didáctica de lenguas. Este trabajo presenta una panorámica de la oferta actual de vídeos publicados en YouTube destinados al aprendizaje del inglés del ámbito biosanitario, así como un análisis de los tipos de subtitulado que ofrecen dichos vídeos para fomentar el aprendizaje del léxico de especialidad. El corpus de estudio está compuesto por 31 vídeos de 10 canales que se describen en función de los materiales de soporte, el contenido y la estructura, las actividades que utilizan para desarrollar las competencias lingüísticas y comunicativas y las características de los subtítulos y el modo como se emplean. Tras esta descripción, el artículo se centra en el análisis de una muestra de 16 vídeos que emplean series de televisión como recurso didáctico. Se aportan datos sobre el modo en que se introducen las series en las secuencias didácticas, el uso de subtitulado automático, convencional o creativo y la recepción de los vídeos entre el público general y especializado ¿estudiantes y profesionales del ámbito biosanitario
(2022) Macrea, Claudia-Ioana
; Arias Badia, Blanca
; Torner Castells, Sergi
Background and hypothesis: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been linked to worse mental health outcomes in psychotic disorders. We meta-analytically studied the relationship between "long" vs. "short" DUP and mental health outcomes. Study design: This PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis searched for nonoverlapping individual studies from database inception until November 01, 2023, reporting data from author-defined "short"/"long" DUP (according to author's definition) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We compared differences between "short"/"long" DUP groups at baseline and/or follow-up in continuous and binary outcomes. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, stratified analyses, heterogeneity analyses, meta-regression analyses, and quality assessment (PROSPERO: CRD42023479321). Study results: From 16,055 citations, 34 studies were included (n = 6,425, age = 27.5 ± 7.1 years, males = 60.4%, white = 70.2%, DUP: mean = 60.8 ± 43.8 weeks, median = 52.5, interquartile range = 31.3, 68.0 weeks, follow-up = 19.2 ± 35.0 months). The definition of "short"/"long" varies significantly between the studies. Compared to "short" DUP (mean = 10.2 ± 11.2 weeks), "long" DUP (mean = 58.8 ± 76.4 weeks) was associated with higher baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative (k = 14, ES = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.74) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (k = 7, ES = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.11, 0.47) scores, lower remission (k = 7, OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.24, 0.67) and more suicide attempts (k = 4, OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.36, 2.96). At follow-up, compared to "short" DUP, "long" DUP was associated with lower Global Assessment of Functioning (k = 4, ES = -0.63, 95%CI = -0.83, -0.43) and higher PANSS negative subscale scores (k = 5, ES = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.05, 1.27). Conclusions: In FEP, longer DUP is related to greater baseline negative symptoms, less remission, and more suicide attempts, as well as greater postbaseline negative symptom severity and functional disability. To what degree longer DUP contributes to poorer outcomes or whether DUP only correlates with these outcomes requires further study. A greater consensus on the definition of long DUP is needed to make comparisons between studies more feasible. Keywords: diagnosis; early psychosis; onset; prognosis; schizophrenia; treatment.
(2025) Catalan, Ana; Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo; Aymerich, Claudia; Guinart, Daniel; Goena, Javier; Madaria, Lander; Pacho, Malein; Alameda, Luis; Garrido-Torres, Nathalia; Pedruzo, Borja; Rubio, José Manuel; Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel; Fusar-Poli, Paolo; Correll, Christoph U.Civil society has long been a catalyst for social change by reshaping structures, influencing values, and challenging power dynamics; however, its role in driving transformative change for biodiversity remains underexplored. To address this gap, we analyze 2,801 socio-environmental mobilizations documented in the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). These mobilizations produce diverse outcomes that reveal distinct spatial, temporal, and sectoral patterns and proactively and reactively respond to environmental impacts across the globe. Notably, about 40% of these mobilizations occur within the top 30% of global priority lands for species conservation and their actions contribute to the achievement of key Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets focused on ecosystem protection, restoration, sustainable use, and inclusive spatial planning. Yet, one-third of mobilizations face repression, criminalization, or violence-pressures that are even more common in high-priority conservation areas. Moreover, mobilizations facing repressive outcomes contest environmental threats relevant for the KMGBF targets more extensively than those with progressive outcomes, underscoring the risks faced by movements driving biodiversity protection in critical regions. To amplify the transformative potential of socio-environmental mobilizations, we emphasize the importance of recognizing, strengthening, and protecting them through coordinated action among diverse social actors. By fostering collaboration and targeted resource allocation, these efforts can empower socio-environmental mobilizations to catalyze meaningful and lasting change for biodiversity conservation.
(2026) Walter, Mariana; Scheidel, Arnim; Vadez, Clara; Del Bene, Daniela; Temper, Leah; Fanari, Eleonora; Reyes-García, VictoriaIntroduction: The CPAK classification aims to categorize knee phenotypes. The original study was based on Australian and Belgian population, but significant variation in CPAK distribution exists between different geographic areas. The primary objective is to evaluate knee phenotypes of osteoarthritic Spanish population based on the CPAK system. The secondary objective is to compare the Spanish CPAK distribution with that observed in the original study to analyse if proposing modifications is necessary when applying the classification to our population. Finally, we aim to critically analyse the utility of this classification to plan individualized TKA. Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study analysing radiological datasets from 121 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with a Mako assisted TKA in three Spanish institutions. The preoperative lower limb CT-scan was used to measure the MPTA and LDFA of each patient. Then, the aHKA (MPTA-LDFA) and JLO (MPTA+LDFA) were calculated to categorize patients into the nine CPAK phenotypes. Results: The commonest knee phenotypes of osteoarthritic Spanish population were the distal apex JLO CPAK types (74%: II (28%), I (23%) and III (23%)). No patient presented a proximal apex type (VII, VIII and IX). The 30% of the patients had a varus alignment and 26% a valgus. No relevant differences were found between the Spanish CPAK distribution and that observed in the original study. Conclusions: No modifications to the CPAK classification should be necessary for the Spanish population. The CPAK classification can be useful to describe and categorize osteoarthritic patients. However, relevant limitations have been found to the classification, questioning its utility to plan and guide individualized TKA surgery. Keywords: Alignment; Alineación; Artroplastia total de rodilla; Coronal plane alignment knee classification (CPAK); Fenotipo; Phenotype; Prótesis total de rodilla; Robotics; Robótica; Total knee arthroplasty (TKA); Total knee replacement (TKR).
(2025) Pujol, Oriol; Hinarejos Gómez, Pedro; Pons, Albert; Famada, Ernest; Zumel Marne, María Ángela, 1984-; Erquicia, Juan Ignacio; Leal Blanquet, Joan