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He-Yin Zhen (1884-¿1920?) fue una pensadora anarcofeminista china, autora de varios ensayos en los que mostraba un original análisis de las problemáticas de la mujer en China en el pasado y en su tiempo. Sin embargo, esta autora y su obra quedaron marginadas posteriormente en la historia intelectual china moderna. En este artículo, se ofrece, en primer lugar, un acercamiento al pensamiento de He-Yin para mostrar cómo, desde su perspectiva anarquista, propugnaba la liberación de la mujer no como una necesidad supeditada a la soberanía nacional y la modernización de China, sino como parte de una revolución más amplia que trascendía la cuestión nacional para afrontar los problemas de la economía política. En segundo lugar, se presenta un marco teórico que combina la crítica postcolonial sobre la economía del conocimiento y las perspectivas funcionalistas de la traducción para poner de manifiesto el desigual trato que se otorga a las/os autoras/es de contextos no euro-norteamericanos, distinguiendo entre la traducción como mero documental y la traducción como intervención con potencial político. Por último, se analizan aspectos de las traducciones de ensayos de He-Yin al inglés y al francés como ejemplos de traducción como intervención. El análisis señala cómo las editoras de dichas publicaciones utilizan los elementos peritextuales para conectar las ideas de He-Yin con cuestiones relevantes del debate feminista en el contexto de recepción, enriqueciendo así el canon del pensamiento feminista con aportaciones de fuera del ámbito euro-norteamericano.
(2020) Pavón Belizón, ManuelBackground: Surveillance of surgical site infection (SSI) relies on manual methods that are time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT for detecting SSI from electronic health records after colorectal surgery via comparison with the results of a nationwide surveillance programme. Methods: This pilot, retrospective, multicentre analysis included 122 patients who underwent colorectal surgery. Patient records were reviewed by both manual surveillance and ChatGPT, which was tasked with identifying SSI and categorizing them as superficial, deep, or organ-space infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the model's diagnostic performance. Results: ChatGPT achieved a sensitivity of 100 %, correctly identifying all SSIs detected by manual methods. The specificity was 54 %, indicating the presence of false positives. The PPV was 67 %, and the NPV was 100 %. The area under the ROC curve was 0.77, indicating good overall accuracy for distinguishing between SSI and non-SSI cases. Minor differences in outcomes were observed between colon and rectal surgeries, as well as between the hospitals participating in the study. Conclusions: ChatGPT shows high sensitivity and good overall accuracy for detecting SSI. It appears to be a useful tool for initial screenings and for reducing manual review workload. The moderate specificity suggests a need for further refinement to reduce the rate of false positives. The integration of ChatGPT alongside electronic medical records, antibiotic consumption and imaging data results for real-time analysis may further improve the surveillance of SSI. Clinicaltrials: gov Identifier: NCT06556017.
(2025) Badia, Josep M.; Casanova-Portoles, Daniel; Membrilla Fernández, Estela; Rubiés, Carles; Pujol, Miquel; Sancho, Joan J.This paper presents the experience of 6 months of work (January to June 2022) with educators and young people aged 16-18 years from a socio-educational organisation in Raval, a vulnerable neighbourhood of Barcelona. It explores how peer governance practices could help young people to acquire conflict resolution skills. It also analyses the role of adults in the application of these practices, thus furthering the understanding of peer governance as a practice that enables people to co-decide, set limits by establishing specific rules and co-manage conflicts [Kostakis, V. (2010). Peer governance and Wikipedia: Identifying and understanding the problems of Wikipedia's governance. First Monday, 15(3)]. An action research methodology was developed for this purpose, based on the application and analysis of participatory workshops and ethnographic work. The results show how the process helps adolescents acquire conflict resolution skills in areas such as negotiation of interests, reaching consensus and distribution of roles. It also identifies how educators overestimate the need for an adult mediator. This article is part of a case study that was conducted in the framework of the Horizon 2020 project SMOOTH that explores educational commons as a catalyst for reversing social inequalities among young people in vulnerable contexts.
(2025) Palacios Esparza, María José
; Arciniega Cáceres, Mittzy; Figueras Maz, Mònica
According to Hartian positivists, law is a conventional practice that requires a convergence that includes not only the regularity of behavior but also of certain beliefs and attitudes. It is easy to conclude that in this framework the meaning of terms is determined by shared criteria that are transparent to all parties, a form of semantic descriptivism. This, at least, is the way in which Dworkin and his followers have interpreted Hart's positivist stance. The problem is that disagreements often arise on how to interpret the words of the law, and this fact seems to conflict with the emphasis of positivism on the idea of agreement, or so it is argued. If the meaning of legal terms depends on shared criteria, why do individuals disagree? And if they disagree, what does their disagreement consist in?
The discussion about how to account for interpretive disagreement can be seen as a discussion about how to account for the meaning of terms, and hence as a discussion about what kind of theory of meaning explains the existence of disagreement and the grounds for its resolution. In some cases a descriptivist approach to semantics seems to be correct, whereas other cases seem to speak in favor of non-descriptivist theories of reference.
In this work we will examine critically how two competing approaches to meaning account for disagreements. We will argue that Hart's conventionalist stance does not commit him to descriptivism. That non-descriptivist theories of reference, properly understood, can account for a vast array of cases of interpretive disagreement; that an account of different kinds of disagreement can be provided from a conventionalist perspective within the framework of non-descriptivist theories of reference, and hence that the dispute between Dworkinians and Hartians does not depend on Hart's commitment to one or another semantic theory. We argue that both in and out of the legal context, a host of non-semantic considerations have to be taken into account in the adjudication of disputes.
(2016) Ramírez-Ludeña, Lorena