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Surgical site infection (SSI) continues to be a common complication of surgery. The real benefit of using topical antibiotics for the prevention of SSI in abdominal hernia repair surgery is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of topical gentamicin in SSI prophylaxis in incisional hernia repair with mesh. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients undergoing open incisional hernia repair. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: in the gentamicin group, each layer of the abdominal wall was irrigated with gentamicin solution before wound closure, and in the saline solution group (placebo), each layer of the abdominal wall was irrigated with normal saline solution. The incidence of SSI and other surgical site complications was compared between both groups, and the presence of adverse effects with the use of topical gentamicin. Data from 146 patients were included for analysis: 74 in the gentamicin group and 72 in the saline solution group. SSI was observed in six patients (8.1%) in the gentamicin group and eight patients (11.1%) in the saline solution group, with no significant differences (p = 0.538) between both groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in the presentation of seroma, hematoma, and surgical wound dehiscence between both groups. No adverse effects were reported from topical application of gentamicin. In this clinical trial, the use of topical gentamicin in incisional hernia repair with mesh did not significantly reduce the incidence of SSI. EU Clinical Trials Register: EudraCT 2018-001860-45 (04/07/2019).
(2024) Hidalgo, Nils; Juvany, Montserrat; Guillaumes, SalvadorThe gut microbiota enhances systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to vaccines, but it is unknown whether this effect involves IgA, which coats intestinal microbes. That IgA may amplify postimmune IgG production is suggested by the impaired IgG response to pneumococcal vaccines in some IgA-deficient patients. Here, we found that antipneumococcal but not total IgG production was impaired in mice with IgA deficiency. The positive effect of gut IgA on antipneumococcal IgG responses started very early in life and could implicate gut bacteria, as these responses were attenuated in germ-free mice recolonized with gut microbes from IgA-deficient donors. IgA could exert this effect by constraining the systemic translocation of gut antigens, which was associated with chronic immune activation, including T cell overexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). This inhibitory receptor may attenuate antipneumococcal IgG production by causing B cell hyporesponsiveness, which improved upon anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, gut IgA functionally interacts with systemic IgG to enhance antipneumococcal vaccine responses.
(2025) Gutzeit, Cindy; Magri, Giuliana, 1978-; Guzmán, Mauricio; Tejedor Vaquero, Sonia, 1988-; Tachó-Piñot, Roser; Cerutti, Andrea, 1965-Los canales de YouTube cuyo objetivo es ofrecer un contenido formativo de acceso libre han proliferado en los últimos años. En tanto que textos audiovisuales con un recorrido relativamente corto, este tipo de vídeos no ha recibido todavía mucha atención en el ámbito de la traducción audiovisual ni en el de la didáctica de lenguas. Este trabajo presenta una panorámica de la oferta actual de vídeos publicados en YouTube destinados al aprendizaje del inglés del ámbito biosanitario, así como un análisis de los tipos de subtitulado que ofrecen dichos vídeos para fomentar el aprendizaje del léxico de especialidad. El corpus de estudio está compuesto por 31 vídeos de 10 canales que se describen en función de los materiales de soporte, el contenido y la estructura, las actividades que utilizan para desarrollar las competencias lingüísticas y comunicativas y las características de los subtítulos y el modo como se emplean. Tras esta descripción, el artículo se centra en el análisis de una muestra de 16 vídeos que emplean series de televisión como recurso didáctico. Se aportan datos sobre el modo en que se introducen las series en las secuencias didácticas, el uso de subtitulado automático, convencional o creativo y la recepción de los vídeos entre el público general y especializado ¿estudiantes y profesionales del ámbito biosanitario
(2022) Macrea, Claudia-Ioana
; Arias Badia, Blanca
; Torner Castells, Sergi
Background and hypothesis: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been linked to worse mental health outcomes in psychotic disorders. We meta-analytically studied the relationship between "long" vs. "short" DUP and mental health outcomes. Study design: This PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis searched for nonoverlapping individual studies from database inception until November 01, 2023, reporting data from author-defined "short"/"long" DUP (according to author's definition) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We compared differences between "short"/"long" DUP groups at baseline and/or follow-up in continuous and binary outcomes. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, stratified analyses, heterogeneity analyses, meta-regression analyses, and quality assessment (PROSPERO: CRD42023479321). Study results: From 16,055 citations, 34 studies were included (n = 6,425, age = 27.5 ± 7.1 years, males = 60.4%, white = 70.2%, DUP: mean = 60.8 ± 43.8 weeks, median = 52.5, interquartile range = 31.3, 68.0 weeks, follow-up = 19.2 ± 35.0 months). The definition of "short"/"long" varies significantly between the studies. Compared to "short" DUP (mean = 10.2 ± 11.2 weeks), "long" DUP (mean = 58.8 ± 76.4 weeks) was associated with higher baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative (k = 14, ES = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.74) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (k = 7, ES = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.11, 0.47) scores, lower remission (k = 7, OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.24, 0.67) and more suicide attempts (k = 4, OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.36, 2.96). At follow-up, compared to "short" DUP, "long" DUP was associated with lower Global Assessment of Functioning (k = 4, ES = -0.63, 95%CI = -0.83, -0.43) and higher PANSS negative subscale scores (k = 5, ES = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.05, 1.27). Conclusions: In FEP, longer DUP is related to greater baseline negative symptoms, less remission, and more suicide attempts, as well as greater postbaseline negative symptom severity and functional disability. To what degree longer DUP contributes to poorer outcomes or whether DUP only correlates with these outcomes requires further study. A greater consensus on the definition of long DUP is needed to make comparisons between studies more feasible. Keywords: diagnosis; early psychosis; onset; prognosis; schizophrenia; treatment.
(2025) Catalan, Ana; Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo; Aymerich, Claudia; Guinart, Daniel; Goena, Javier; Madaria, Lander; Pacho, Malein; Alameda, Luis; Garrido-Torres, Nathalia; Pedruzo, Borja; Rubio, José Manuel; Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel; Fusar-Poli, Paolo; Correll, Christoph U.Civil society has long been a catalyst for social change by reshaping structures, influencing values, and challenging power dynamics; however, its role in driving transformative change for biodiversity remains underexplored. To address this gap, we analyze 2,801 socio-environmental mobilizations documented in the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). These mobilizations produce diverse outcomes that reveal distinct spatial, temporal, and sectoral patterns and proactively and reactively respond to environmental impacts across the globe. Notably, about 40% of these mobilizations occur within the top 30% of global priority lands for species conservation and their actions contribute to the achievement of key Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets focused on ecosystem protection, restoration, sustainable use, and inclusive spatial planning. Yet, one-third of mobilizations face repression, criminalization, or violence-pressures that are even more common in high-priority conservation areas. Moreover, mobilizations facing repressive outcomes contest environmental threats relevant for the KMGBF targets more extensively than those with progressive outcomes, underscoring the risks faced by movements driving biodiversity protection in critical regions. To amplify the transformative potential of socio-environmental mobilizations, we emphasize the importance of recognizing, strengthening, and protecting them through coordinated action among diverse social actors. By fostering collaboration and targeted resource allocation, these efforts can empower socio-environmental mobilizations to catalyze meaningful and lasting change for biodiversity conservation.
(2026) Walter, Mariana; Scheidel, Arnim; Vadez, Clara; Del Bene, Daniela; Temper, Leah; Fanari, Eleonora; Reyes-García, Victoria