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Attenuation by baclofen of nicotine rewarding properties and nicotine withdrawal manifestations

Varani, Andrés P.; Aso Pérez, Ester; Machado Moutinho, Lirane; Maldonado, Rafael, 1961-; Balerio, Graciela N. (Springer, 2014)

RATIONALE: Nicotine is a major active ingredient in tobacco and plays a major role in tobacco addiction. In rodents, repeated nicotine administration produces behavioral responses related to its addictive properties, such ...
Evaluating the drug use "gateway" theory using cross-national data: consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Degenhardt, Louisa; Dierker, Lisa; Chiu, Wai Tat; Medina Mora, Maria Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Sampson, Nancy A.; Alonso Caballero, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Anthony, James C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Girolamo, Giovanni de; de Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Posada Villa, José; Stein, Dan J.; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C. (Elsevier, 2010)

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the normative sequence of drug use initiation, beginning with tobacco and alcohol, progressing to cannabis and then other illicit drugs, is due to causal effects of specific earlier drug ...
Oral fluid testing: promises and pitfalls

Huestis, Marylin A.; Verstraete, Alain; Kwong, Tai C.; Morland, Jorg; Vincent, Michael J.; Torre Fornell, Rafael de la (American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 2011)

Oral fluid is a promising new matrix for drug-testing programs for drug treatment, the workplace, pain management, and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID)7. As with any new technology, there are strengths and ...
The hypocretin/orexin system: implications for drug reward and relapse

Plaza-Zabala, Ainhoa, 1982-; Maldonado, Rafael, 1961-; Berrendero Díaz, Fernando, 1971- (Springer, 2012)

Hypocretins (also known as orexins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the regulation of sleep/wake states and feeding behavior. Recent studies have also demonstrated an important role for the hypocretin/orexin ...