http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6161 2013-05-22T07:56:27Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20422 Automatic Extraction of Polar Adjectives for the Creation of Polarity Lexicons Vázquez, Silvia; Padró, Muntsa; Bel, Núria; Gonzalo, Julio Automatic creation of polarity lexicons is a crucial issue to be solved in order to reduce time and efforts in the first steps of Sentiment Analysis. In this paper we present a methodology based on linguistic cues that allows us to automatically discover, extract and label subjective adjectives that should be collected in a domain-based polarity lexicon. For this purpose, we designed a bootstrapping algorithm that, from a small set of seed polar adjectives, is capable to iteratively identify, extract and annotate positive and negative adjectives. Additionally, the method automatically creates lists of highly subjective elements that change their prior polarity even within the same domain. The algorithm proposed reached a precision of 97.5% for positive adjectives and 71.4% for negative ones in the semantic orientation identification task. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20421 Tradução online Poch, Marc; Bel, Núria; Toral, Antonio; Hamon, Olivier; Quochi, Valeria Um desafio estratégico no mundo globalizado atual é superar a barreira da língua através da tecnologia. Na Europa, um projeto está avaliando e desenvolvendo uma plataforma que poderá traduzir a enorme quantidade de dados (orais e escritos) produzidos pelas pessoas, num processo chamado "tradução online". Conheça a seguir os detalhes do estudo. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20420 Automatic Lexical Semantic Classification of Nouns Bel, Núria; Romeo, Lauren; Padró, Muntsa The work we present here addresses cue-based noun classification in English and Spanish. Its main objective is to automatically acquire lexical semantic information by classifying nouns into previously known noun lexical classes. This is achieved by using particular aspects of linguistic contexts as cues that identify a specific lexical class. Here we concentrate on the task of identifying such cues and the theoretical background that allows for an assessment of the complexity of the task. The results show that, despite of the a-priori complexity of the task, cue-based classification is a useful tool in the automatic acquisition of lexical semantic classes. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20419 A Classification of Adjectives for Polarity Lexicons Enhancement Vázquez, Silvia; Bel, Núria Subjective language detection is one of the most important challenges in Sentiment Analysis. Because of the weight and frequency in opinionated texts, adjectives are considered a key piece in the opinion extraction process. These subjective units are more and more frequently collected in polarity lexicons in which they appear annotated with their prior polarity. However, at the moment, any polarity lexicon takes into account prior polarity variations across domains. This paper proves that a majority of adjectives change their prior polarity value depending on the domain. We propose a distinction between domain dependent and romain independent adjectives. Moreover, our analysis led us to propose a further classification related to subjectivity degree: constant, mixed and highly subjective adjectives. Following this classification, polarity values will be a better support for Sentiment Analysis. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20418 Towards a User-Friendly Platform for Building Language Resources based on Web Services Poch, Marc; Toral, Antonio; Hamon, Olivier; Quochi, Valeria; Bel, Núria This paper presents the platform developed in the PANACEA project, a distributed factory that automates the stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating and maintenance of Language Resources required by Machine Translation and other Language Technologies. We adopt a set of tools that have been successfully used in the Bioinformatics field, they are adapted to the needs of our field and used to deploy web services, which can be combined to build more complex processing chains (workflows). This paper describes the platform and its different components (web services, registry, workflows, social network and interoperability). We demonstrate the scalability of the platform by carrying out a set of massive data experiments. Finally, a validation of the platform across a set of required criteria proves its usability for different types of users (non-technical users and providers). 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20417 Towards the Fully Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources: A Step Forward Padró, Muntsa; Bel, Núria; Necsulescu, Silvia This article reports on the results of the research done towards the fully automatically merging of lexical resources. Our main goal is to show the generality of the proposed approach, which have been previously applied to merge Spanish Subcategorization Frames lexica. In this work we extend and apply the same technique to perform the merging of morphosyntactic lexica encoded in LMF. The experiments showed that the technique is general enough to obtain good results in these two different tasks which is an important step towards performing the merging of lexical resources fully automatically. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20416 Mining and exploiting domain-specific corpora in the PANACEA platform Bel, Núria; Papavasiliou, Vassilis; Prokopidis, Prokopis; Toral, Antonio; Arranz, Victoria The objective of the PANACEA ICT-2007.2.2 EU project is to build a platform that automates the stages involved in the acquisition,production, updating and maintenance of the large language resources required by, among others, MT systems. The development of a Corpus Acquisition Component (CAC) for extracting monolingual and bilingual data from the web is one of the most innovative building blocks of PANACEA. The CAC, which is the first stage in the PANACEA pipeline for building Language Resources, adopts an efficient and distributed methodology to crawl for web documents with rich textual content in specific languages and predefined domains. The CAC includes modules that can acquire parallel data from sites with in-domain content available in more than one language. In order to extrinsically evaluate the CAC methodology, we have conducted several experiments that used crawled parallel corpora for the identification and extraction of parallel sentences using sentence alignment. The corpora were then successfully used for domain adaptation of Machine Translation Systems. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20384 Towards the automatic merging of language resources Necsulescu Silvia; Bel, Núria; Padró, Muntsa; Marimón, Montserrat; Revilla, Eva Language Resources are a critical component for Natural Language Processing applications. Throughout the years many resources were manually created for the same task, but with different granularity and coverage information. To create richer resources for a broad range of potential reuses, nformation from all resources has to be joined into one. The hight cost of comparing and merging different resources by hand has been a bottleneck for merging existing resources. With the objective of reducing human intervention, we present a new method for automating merging resources. We have addressed the merging of two verbs subcategorization frame (SCF) lexica for Spanish. The results achieved, a new lexicon with enriched information and conflicting information signalled, reinforce our idea that this approach can be applied for other task of NLP. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20383 Using qualia information to identify lexical semantic classes in an unsupervised clustering task Romeo, Lauren; Mendes, Sara; Bel, Núria Acquiring lexical information is a complex problem, typically approached by relying on a number of contexts to contribute information for classification. One of the first issues to address in this domain is the determination of such contexts. The work presented here proposes the use of automatically obtained FORMAL role descriptors as features used to draw nouns from the same lexical semantic class together in an unsupervised clustering task. We have dealt with three lexical semantic classes (HUMAN, LOCATION and EVENT) in English. The results obtained show that it is possible to discriminate between elements from different lexical semantic classes using only FORMAL role information, hence validating our initial hypothesis. Also, iterating our method accurately accounts for fine-grained distinctions within lexical classes, namely distinctions involving ambiguous expressions. Moreover, a filtering and bootstrapping strategy employed in extracting FORMAL role descriptors proved to minimize effects of sparse data and noise in our task. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20382 PANACEA (Platform for Automatic, Normalised Annotation and Cost-Effective Acquisition of Language Resources for Human Language Technologies) Bel, Núria; Poch, Marc; Toral, Antonio The objective of PANACEA is to build a factory of LRs that automates the stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating and maintenance of LRs required by MT systems and by other applications based on language technologies, and simplifies eventual issues regarding intellectual property rights. This automation will cut down the cost, time and human effort significantly. These reductions of costs and time are the only way to guarantee the continuous supply of LRs that MT and other language technologies will be demanding in the multilingual Europe. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20381 Efficiency-based evaluation of aligners for industrial applications Toral, Antonio; Poch, Marc; Pecina, Pavel; Thurmair, Gregor This paper presents a novel efficiencybased evaluation of sentence and word aligners. This assessment is critical in order to make a reliable use in industrial scenarios. The evaluation shows that the resources required by aligners differ rather broadly. Subsequently, we establish limitation mechanisms on a set of aligners deployed as web services. These results, paired with the quality expected from the aligners, allow providers to choose the most appropriate aligner according to the task at hand. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20380 Platform for Automatic, Normalized Annotation and Cost-Effective Acquisition of Language Resources for Human Language Technologies: PANACEA Bel, Núria El objetivo de PANACEA es engranar diferentes herramientas avanzadas para construir una fábrica de Recursos Lingüísticos (RL), una línea de producción que automatice los pasos implicados en la adquisición, producción, actualización y mantenimiento de los RL que la Traducción Automática y otras tecnologías lingüísticas, necesitan. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20329 Web Services for Bayesian Learning Padró, Muntsa; Bel, Núria In this demonstration we present our web services to perform Bayesian learning for classification tasks. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20328 Language Resources Factory: case study on the acquisition of Translation Memories Poch, Marc; Toral, Antonio; Bel, Núria This paper demonstrates a novel distributed architecture to facilitate the acquisition of Language Resources. We build a factory that automates the stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating and maintenance of these resources. The factory is designed as a platform where functionalities are deployed as web services, which can be combined in complex acquisition chains using workflows. We show a case study, which acquires a Translation Memory for a given pair of languages and a domain using web services for crawling, sentence alignment and conversion to TMX. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20327 Interoperability and Technology for a Language Resources Factory Poch, Marc; Bel, Núria This document describes some of the technological aspects of a project devoted to the creation of a factory for language resources. The project’s objectives are explained, as well as the idea to create a distributed infrastructure of web services. This document focuses on two main topics of the factory: (1) the technological approaches chosen to develop the factory, i.e. software, protocols, servers, etc. (2) and Interoperability as the main challenge is to permit different NLP tools work together in the factory. This document explains why XCES and GrAF are chosen as the main formats used for the linguistic data exchange. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20326 A Method Towards the Fully Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources Bel, Núria; Padró, Muntsa; Necsulescu, Silvia Lexical Resources are a critical component for Natural Language Processing applications. However, the high cost of comparing and merging different resources has been a bottleneck to obtain richer resources and a broader range of potential uses for a significant number of languages. With the objective of reducing cost by eliminating human intervention, we present a new method towards the automatic merging of resources. This method includes both, the automatic mapping of resources involved to a common format and merging them, once in this format. This paper presents how we have addressed the merging of two verb subcategorization frame lexica for Spanish, but our method will be extended to cover other types of Lexical Resources. The achieved results, that almost replicate human work, demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/20325 Automatic Detection of Non-deverbal Event Nouns for Quick Lexicon Production Bel, Núria; Coll, Maria; Resnik, Gabriela In this work we present the results of experimental work on the development of lexical class-based lexica by automatic means. Our purpose is to assess the use of linguistic lexical-class based information as a feature selection methodology for the use of classifiers in quick lexical development. The results show that the approach can help reduce the human effort required in the development of language resources significantly. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16994 Towards a user-friendly webservice architecture for statistical machine translation in the PANACEA project Toral, Antonio; Pecina, Pavel; Way, Andy; Poch, Marc This paper presents a webservice architecture for Statistical Machine Translation aimed at non-technical users. A workflow editor allows a user to combine different webservices using a graphical user interface. In the current state of this project, the webservices have been implemented for a range of sentential and sub-sentential aligners. The advantage of a common interface and a common data format allows the user to build workflows exchanging different aligners. Comunicació presentada a les 15a Conferència de la European Association for Machine Translation, celebrada a Leuven, Bèlgica, els dies 30 i 31 maig de 2011. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16982 Semántica de los adverbios de modo celerativos Torner Castells, Sergi En este artículo se analiza la semántica de los adverbios de modo del español, que indican velocidad (deprisa, despacio, rápidamente, lentamente, etc.). La modificación que llevan a cabo estos adverbios, a los que denominamos celebrativos, puede incidir sobre los distintos aspectos del significado oracional. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar cuáles son sus posibles lecturas, para proponer una representación formal del significado de cada una de las unidades analizadas; así mismo, se ofrece una caracterización general semántica de este conjunto de modificadores. Se distinguen tres subclases de adverbios celerativos: los que modifican un argumento eventivo, los que modifican un argumento temporal y los que establecen una relación entre dos eventos. 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10230/16967 La duración consonántica en castellano Barrio Estévez, Laura del; Torner Castells, Sergi This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the duralion of Spanish consonants. The influence of three different factors—stress, location on the syllable, and pause vicinity— on the duration of consonants in reading text has been studied. Phonetic context and speech rate have also been controlled. The obtained results seem to indicate that the vicinity of a pause and the location of the consonant in the syllable have a systematic effect on all the consonants, while the stress only affects the duration of a rcduced set of voiced allophones ([1], [r] and [n]). Some general conclusions about the mean duration of each consonant, and about the relationship between duration and voicing, manner and place of articulation, have also been established. 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z